![]() ![]() Gradually, wheels were joined together with an axle by drilling holes in them for the shaft which went through the frame of a cart. The first wheel did not have spokes and was in the form of a roller. The Babylonians created the wheel in around 3,500 BC, the earliest wheel being used for pottery. The oldest wheels were made of clay, rock, and mud, with wooden wheels coming much later on. Not only did Babylonia invent the sailboat for use on water, but also the wheel for use on land routes. With the invention of the sailboat, the Babylonians were able to expand their trade and commerce, soon trading with cities which were previously unreachable by land. The first sailboat was square it was made of cloth and relied on the wind to move. The Babylonians invented the first sailboat with a basic structure and framework. The Babylonians soon discovered an alternative when they realized the potential of water as a means of transportation. Trade was at its peak and traveling via land routes was cumbersome and time-consuming. Since Babylonia was located in between two famous rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates, the importance of traveling by water was soon recognized. They noted the frequency and duration of the full moon and saw that this was also divisible by 6. Astrologers used the sexagesimal system of numbering which took 60 as its base. ![]() The Babylonians estimated that the earth moved around the sun one degree in a day and took 360 days. The number 60 was chosen as the dividing factor as it was divisible by 6. The current system of time has been in use for four millennia now. Astrology and HoroscopyĪll of us have heard the adages “Time waits for no man” and “A stitch in time saves nine” but have you ever thought who created the concept of time? Of course, none other than the Babylonians, who devised a system of dividing time into 60 sections. People chose areas which were favorable for agriculture, and as trading developed, the idea of taxes was introduced. With the dawn of the agricultural revolution, more and more people began to live in one region, resulting in urbanization. This, in turn, helped them to earn more and improve their lifestyle. Urbanization began around 8,000 years ago in Babylonia as people moved to cities to seek educational and employment opportunities. UrbanizationĪs a result of agriculture and other employment factors, the Babylonians gradually moved from rural areas to more developed regions. The Babylonians regulated the flow of water to irrigate their crops and dug canals and irrigation ditches which, along with the plow, led the way for a new era of agricultural revolution. The earth dried up quickly in the plains of Babylonia, leading to the invention of the stone plow to set the ground.īabylonians cultivated crops like emmer, wheat, and barley, and flax clothing was standard during this time. The most primitive form of the plow was a stone hoe that was developed by Babylonians to turn the soil. AgricultureĪgriculture is a core practice in most countries, and a country’s agrarian produce determines its growth.Īgriculture not only feeds the population but also provides employment opportunities.Īn essential agricultural tool is the plow, which is used to loosen the soil ready for planting seeds. The ancient Iraqi languages, Sumerian and Akkadian, were also carved on the clay tablets. The oldest cuneiform slabs were illustrated and used visual symbols to communicate, the cuneiform alphabet only developing later on. More educated people used it for technical purposes like writing medical catalogs and mathematical derivations.Ī pointed stylus was used to carve characters on a clay slab to maintain and manage records. Individuals with varying levels of education and knowledge could use it, and ordinary people used it to write letters, organize their business affairs, and document everyday occurrences such as astrological events. It cannot be regarded as a language as it comprised less than 1,000 characters, and these characters were used for accounting, administrative and business purposes. Originating in 3400 BC, cuneiform is the first-known form of written communication. ![]()
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